#ParliamentaryformofGovt
#PresidentialformofGovt
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Presidential form of government
President does not have nominal powers. He is both the head of the executive and the head of the state. As the head of the executive, he has a ceremonial position. As the head of the government, he acts as the chief real executive. Thus, the Presidential system is characterised by a single executive concept.
President is directly elected by the people or the electoral college.
The President cannot be removed, except through an impeachment procedure for a grave unconstitutional act.
The President governs with the help of a small body of people. This is his cabinet. The cabinet is only an advisory body which consists of non-elected departmental secretaries, who are selected by the president. It is responsible to the President, and the departmental secretaries can be removed by him.
The President and his cabinet are not answerable to the legislature, nor are they members of the legislature.
The concept of Separation of powers is clearly visible in the Presidential system. The three branches are completely separated and members of one branch cannot be the members of the other branch.
The President can veto the acts of the legislature. He/She can also grant pardon.
Parliamentary form of government
The head of state and the head of government are different under the Parliamentary form of government. The head of the state is usually the President or monarch. He/she has only ceremonial powers. The head of the government is generally the Prime Minister and he/she is vested with real power.
It can be either bicameral (with two houses) or unicameral (with one house). A bicameral system usually consists of a directly elected lower house, which in turn elects the upper house.
The powers of government are not completely separated. The lines between the legislature and the executive are blurred as executive forms part of the legislature.
This system is also characterised with the majority party rule. But no government can be a hundred percent majority, and the Parliament also consists of the opposition.
The council of ministers, in this system, are collectively responsible to the Parliament. The lower house of Parliament can even dismiss the ruling government by passing a no confidence motion in the house.
Most of the time, in this form of government the cabinet proceedings are kept secret and are not meant to be divulged to the public.
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